控件

Excel VBA中创建控件，也有设计时和运行时两种方式。

  Set lblT = UserForm1.Controls.Add("forms.ctlType.1", ctlName, True)

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim lblT As Object
  Set lblT = UserForm1.Controls.Add("forms.label.1", Label1, True)
  lblT.Caption = "大谦Excel"
End Sub

>>> from tkinter import *
>>> form=Tk()
>>> form.geometry('400x160+100+100')

>>> btn=Button(form,text='确定',width=8,background='yellow')
>>> btn.pack(pady=10)  #布局，距离顶部10个单位

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
  CommandButton1.BackColor = vbRed  '用颜色常数设置
  'CommandButton1.BackColor = 255  '用整数设置
  'CommandButton1.BackColor = &HFF&  '用十六进制数设置
  'CommandButton1.BackColor = RGB(255,0,0)  '用RGB函数设置
End Sub

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
  With CommandButton1.Font
    .Name = "宋体"  '设置字体名称
    .Size = 16  '设置字体大小
    .Bold = True  '设置是否加粗
    .Italic = True   '设置是否倾斜
    .Underline = True   '设置是否加下划线
    .Strikethrough = True   '设置是否加删除线
  End With
End Sub

>>> btn=Button(form,text='确定',width=8)
>>> btn['background']='red'

>>> btn['background']='#FF0000'

>>> btn['font']=('宋体',15, 'bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'overstrike')

>>> btn['releif']='raised'

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim lblNew As Object
  Set lblNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.label.1", "Label1", True)  '创建标签
  With lblNew  '设置标签
    .Left = 10:.Top = 10  '位置
    .Width = 100:.Height = 20  '大小
    .BackColor = RGB(255, 255, 0)  '背景色为黄色
    .Caption = "标签示例"  '文本
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('300x120+100+100')
#第1个标签
lbl1=Label(form,text='这是一个标签')
lbl1.pack()
lbl1['background']=7;lightgreen'  #背景色为淡绿色
#第2个标签
lbl2=Label(form,text='这是第二个标签')
lbl2.pack()
lbl2['relief']='raised'  #样式为凸起
lbl2['foreground';]='red'  #前景色为红色
#设置字体：黑体，大小为15，加粗，倾斜，下划线
lbl2['font']=('黑体',15,'bold','italic','underline')
#第3个标签
lbl3=Label(form,text='这是第三个标签这是第三个标签')
lbl3.pack()
lbl3['wraplength']=120  #换行长度为120
lbl3['background']='lightblue'  #背景色为淡蓝色
lbl3['width']=20  #宽度为20
lbl3['height']=3  #高度为3
form.mainloop()

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim txtNew As Object
  Set txtNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.textbox.1", "TextBox1", True)
  With txtNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Width = 100: .Height = 20
    .BackColor = RGB(255, 255, 0)
    .Text = "文本框示例"
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('400x160+100+100')
#第1个单行文本框
en1=Entry(form)
en1.pack()
en1.insert('end','单行文本框')  #末尾插入文本
en1['selectbackground']='lightblue'  #被选择文本的背景色淡蓝色
en1['selectforeground';]='red'  #被选择文本的前景色红色
en1.focus_set()  #焦点转移到文本框
en1.select_range(0,2)  #选择前2个字符
#第2个单行文本框
en2=Entry(form)
en2.pack()
en2.insert('end','单行文本框')  #末尾插入文本
en2.icursor(1)  #光标插到第2个字符前
en2.insert('insert','单行文本框')  #光标处插入文本
#第3个单行文本框
en3=Entry(form)
en3.pack()
en3.insert('end','单行文本框')  #末尾插入文本
en3['show']='*'  #输入的字符显示为星号
form.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('400x200+100+100')
#第1个多行文本框
txt1=Text(form,width=50,height=3)
txt1.pack()
txt1.insert('end','多行文本框多行文本框多行文本框多行文本框多行文本框多行文本框多行文本框多行文本框')  #末尾插入文本
txt1['selectbackground']='lightblue'  #被选择文本的背景色淡蓝色
txt1['selectforeground';]='red'  #被选择文本的前景色红色
print(txt1.get('1.67;,END))  #get获取文本内容
#第2个多行文本框
txt2=Text(form,width=50,height=3)
txt2.pack()
txt2.insert('end','多行文本框')  #末尾插入文本
txt2.mark_set('pos';,'1.2')  #标记位置为第3个字符前
txt2.insert('pos','插入内容')  #在标记处插入文本
#第3个多行文本框
txt3=Text(form,width=50,height=3)
txt3.pack()
txt3.insert('end','多行文本框')  #末尾插入文本
txt3.insert('1.2','插入内容')  #在第1行第3个字符前插入文本
form.mainloop()

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim cmdNew As Object
  Set cmdNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.commandbutton.1", "Button1", True)
  With cmdNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Width = 100: .Height = 20
    .BackColor = RGB(255, 255, 0)
    .Caption = "命令按钮示例"
  End With
End Sub

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
  Me.Caption = "命令按钮单击事件测试"
End Sub

from tkinter import *
def callback():
    print('已确定')
def callback2(para):
    print(para)
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('400x160+100+100')
#第1个按钮
btn1=Button(form,text='确定',width=8,command=callback)
btn1.pack(pady=10)
btn1['background']=7;lightgreen'  #背景色为淡绿色
#第2个按钮
btn2=Button(form,text='参数确定',width=8,command=lambda:callback2('参数确定'))
btn2.pack(pady=10)
btn2['background']='lightblue'  #背景色为淡兰色
#第3个按钮
btn3=Button(form,text='退出',width=8,command=form.destroy)
btn3.pack(pady=10)
form.mainloop()

>>> = RESTART: …\Samples\ch64-界面\Python\命令按钮.py
已确定
参数确定

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim optNew As Object
  Set optNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.optionbutton.1", "Option1", True)
  With optNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Caption = "单选钮选项1"
    .Value = True
  End With
  Dim optNew2 As Object
  Set optNew2 = Me.Controls.Add("forms.optionbutton.1", "Option2", True)
  With optNew2
    .Left = 10: .Top = 30
    .Caption = "单选钮选项2"
    .Value = False
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('300x120+100+100')
def OptBtn():
    if g1.get()==0:
        print('你是男生')
    else:
        print('你是女生')
g1=IntVar()  #创建变量g1，同一组单选钮绑定同一个变量
g1.set(0)  #选择第1个单选钮
#创建2个单选钮
rdn1=Radiobutton(form,text='男',variable=g1,value=0)
rdn1.grid()
rdn2=Radiobutton(form,text='女',variable=g1,value=1)
rdn2.grid()
#创建命令按钮
btn=Button(form,text='确定',width=8,command=OptBtn)
btn.grid(pady=10)
btn['background']=7;lightgreen'  #背景色为淡绿色
form.mainloop()

>>> = RESTART: …\Samples\ch64-界面\Python\单选钮.py
你是男生

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim chkNew As Object
  Set chkNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.checkbox.1", "Check1", True)
  With chkNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Caption = "核选框选项1"
    .Value = True
  End With
  Dim chkNew2 As Object
  Set chkNew2 = Me.Controls.Add("forms.checkbox.1", "Check2", True)
  With chkNew2
    .Left = 10: .Top = 30
    .Caption = "核选框选项2"
    .Value = False
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('300x120+100+100')
def ChkBtn():
    str=''
    if g1.get()==True:
        str=str+chk1['text']+' '
    if g2.get()==True:
        str=str+chk2['text']+' '
    if g3.get()==True:
        str=str+chk3['text']
    print('你的爱好是：'+str)
g1=DoubleVar(value=True)  #创建布尔型变量g1，默认选择
g2=DoubleVar()  #创建布尔型变量g1
g3=DoubleVar()  #创建布尔型变量g1
#创建核选框，分别绑定不同的变量
chk1=Checkbutton(form,text='音乐',variable=g1)
chk1.grid()
chk2=Checkbutton(form,text='美术',variable=g2)
chk2.grid()
chk3=Checkbutton(form,text='体育',variable=g3)
chk3.grid()
#创建按钮
btn=Button(form,text='确定',width=8,command=ChkBtn)
btn.grid(pady=10)
btn['background']=7;lightgreen'  #背景色为淡绿色
form.mainloop()

>>> = RESTART: …\Samples\ch64-界面\Python\核选框.py
你的爱好是：音乐 体育

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  With ListBox1
    .AddItem "北京"
    .AddItem "上海"
    .AddItem "广州"
    .ListIndex = 0
  End With
End Sub

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim lstNew As Object
  Set lstNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.listbox.1", "list1", True)
  With lstNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Width = 100: .Height = 50
    .AddItem "北京"
    .AddItem "上海"
    .AddItem "广州"
    .ListIndex = 0
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('300x200+100+100')
def Lst():
    idx=lst.curselection()
    for i in idx:
        print('当前选项：'+lst.get(i))
#创建列表框
lst=Listbox(form,height=7)
lst.pack(padx=10,pady=10)
#向列表框写入数据
strs=('高中','中专','大专','本科','研究生')
lst.insert(END,*strs)
lst.select_set(3)  #默认选择本科
#单击按钮，从列表框读取数据
btn=Button(form,text='确定',width=8,command=Lst)
btn.pack(pady=10)
btn['background']=7;lightgreen'  #背景色为淡绿色
form.mainloop()

>>> = RESTART: …\Samples\ch64-界面\Python\列表框.py
当前选项：本科

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('300x200+100+100')
def Lst():
    idx=lst.curselection()
    str=''
    for i in idx:
        str=str+lst.get(i)+' '
    print('当前选项：'+str)
#创建列表框
#...省略
lst['selectmode']='multiple'
#单击按钮，从列表框读取数据
#...省略
form.mainloop()

>>> = RESTART: …\Samples\ch64-界面\Python\列表框2.py
当前选项：中专 本科 研究生

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim cmbNew As Object
  Set cmbNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.combobox.1", "combo1", True)
  With cmbNew
    .Left = 100: .Top = 50
    .AddItem "北京"
    .AddItem "上海"
    .AddItem "广州"
    .ListIndex = 0
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk   #导入ttk模块

form = Tk()
form.geometry('300x200+100+100')
# 创建组合框
cmb = ttk.Combobox(form)
cmb.pack(padx=10,pady=50)
# 添加数据
cmb['value'] = ('北京','上海','广州')
# 设置默认值
cmb.current(0)
form.mainloop()

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim spnNew As Object
  Set spnNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.spinbutton.1", "spin1", True)
  With spnNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Min = 0: .Max = 10
    .SmallChange = 1
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry('300x120+100+100')
def Spn():
    print('当前值：'+spn.get())
#创建旋转按钮
spn=Spinbox(form,from_=0,to=20)
spn.pack(padx=10,pady=10)
spn['wrap7;]=True  #可循环
#单击按钮，从列表框读取数据
btn=Button(form,text='确定',width=8,command=Spn)
btn.pack(pady=10)
btn['background']=7;lightgreen'  #背景色为淡绿色
form.mainloop()

= RESTART: …\Samples\ch64-界面\Python\旋转按钮.py
当前值：6

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()
  Dim fmNew As Object
  Set fmNew = Me.Controls.Add("forms.frame.1", "Frame1", True)
  With fmNew
    .Left = 10: .Top = 10
    .Width = 100: .Height = 50
  End With
End Sub

from tkinter import *
#窗体
form=Tk()
form.geometry(‘300x120+100+100’)
#创建方框
lfr=LabelFrame(form,text=’性别’)
lfr.pack(padx=10,pady=10)
#向方框中添加单选钮，将方框作为容器对象
g1=IntVar(0)
rdn1=Radiobutton(lfr,text=’男’,variable=g1,value=0)
rdn1.pack(padx=20)
rdn2=Radiobutton(lfr,text=’女’,variable=g1,value=1)
rdn2.pack(padx=20)
form.mainloop()